Наследие Рима. Том 1. Oт Византии дo Кордовского Халифата и Османскoй империи - Нурлан Аманович Наматов
293
Tr. Dostourian, 135.
294
Tr. Canard and Berbérian, 126.
295
Michael the Syrian, Chronique de Michel le Syrien, Patriarche Jacob d’Antioche, facsimile ed. and French tr. by J.-B. Chabot as Chronique de Michel le Syrien, Paris, 1899–1924, III, 169.
296
For example, Matthew of Edessa confirms that Joseph Trachaniotis went back to Constantinople; tr. Dostourian, 133.
297
Vryonis, Decline, 103.
298
Vryonis, ‘A personal history’, 232.
299
Cheynet, ‘Mantzikert’, 431.
300
Ibid.
301
The traditional view of Manzikert being a disaster for Byzantium is summed up by Cahen in his statement that after the battle ‘the wholestrength of the Byzantine resistance crumbled away’; cf. Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey, London, 1968, 67.
302
Jean-Claude Cheynet Le Monde byzantin. II L’Empire byzantin (641–1204), PUF, Nouvelle Clio, Paris, 2006.
303
Vryonis, Decline, 69–70.
304
Mahmud Kashgari, Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, ed. B. Atalay, Ankara, 1939, I, 3; cited in G. Leiser, A history of the Seljuks – Ibrahim Kafesog˘lu’s interpretation and? the resulting controversy, Carbondale and Edwardsville, 1988, 91.
305
İbn Hassûl ve Tafdîl el-Etrak ala sair el-Ecnad, ed. A. al-Azzawi, Istanbul, 1940, 40–41. В своем описании военных навыков тюрок Ибн Хассул опирается на более ранние описания тюркских рабов-солдат, служивших при Аббасидском и других средневековых мусульманских дворах. Наиболее известное их описание дано аль-Джахизом в его трактате о достоинствах тюрков; ср. al-Jahiz, Manaqib al-turk, partial tr. C.T. Harley-Walker as ‘Jahiz of Basra to al-Fath ibn Khaqan on the exploits of the Turks and the army of the Khalifat in general’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1915), 631–699. Подробный и подробный отчет о турках до сельджуков см. E. Esin, The Turk al-Agam of Samarra and the paintings attributable to them in the Gawsaq al-Haqanı’, Kunst des Orients IX 1/2 (1975), 47–88.
306
Ibn Hassul, 43 and 49.
307
Ibid., 49.
308
Al-Ghazali, Kitab al-Mustazhiri, partial ed. I. Goldziher, in Streitschrift des Gazali gegen die Batinijje– Sekte, Leiden, 1916, 183; tr. C. Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic perspectives, Edinburgh, 1999, 17–18.
309
Sharaf al-Zamān Ṭāhir al-Marwazī, Kitāb Ṭabāʾiʿ al-Ḥayawān al-Baḥrī wa-al-Barrī, tr. V. Minorsky, London, 1942, 29.
310
Ibid., 38.
311
G. Tetley, Panegyrical poetry in Persian as evidence for political and social history in the age of the early Ghaznavids and the Great Seljuqs: the poetry of Farrukhı Sıstanı and Amır Muizzı, unpublished D. Phil. thesis, Oxford, 2002, 133–134, 172.
312
It is even conceivable that Burhani Nishapuri had written a panegyric ode to Alp Arslan in the year before he (Burhani) died. But nothing of that kind seems to have survived; cf. Tetley, 134.
313
Ibid., 173.
314
Ibid.
315
Cf. Chapter 4, pp. 94–95.
316
Literally: facilitate (muyassir).
317
This is factually inaccurate. The Artuqids did not even acquire their major centre, Mardin, until the beginning of the twelfth century.
318
Zamantı.
319
In the area of Aksaray; cf. Le Strange, 150.
320
Kemah – a fortress on the western Euphrates, a day’s journey below Erzinjan; cf. Le Strange, 118; J. Markwart, Südarmenien und die Tigrisquellen, Vienna, 1930, 8. The Mengücekids also ruled Divrig˘i.
321
Otherwise known as Koghonia (Kara Hisar Sharqi).
322
Hillenbrand, Crusades, 70–71; Ibn al-Khayyat, Dıwan, ed. H. Mardam Bek, Damascus, 1958, 186.
323
Literally al-farqadan: ‘the two bright stars of the four that form the angles of a quadrilateral figure in Ursa Minor’; cf. E. W. Lane, An Arabic-English lexicon, vol. 6, Beirut, 1980, 2387.
324
Tetley, Panegyrical poetry, 190. Tetley dates this poem to Id al-fitr 491/ September 1098. Antioch had fallen to the Crusaders in June of that year.
325
As distinct from the situation in later centuries, when he has been viewed as an honorary Arab.
326
Ibn Sanaal-Mulk, Dıwan, 1.
327
Abu Shama, Kitāb al-rawḍatayn fī akhbār al-dawlatayn al-Nūriyya wa-l-Ṣalāḥiyya RHC, HO, IV, 9–10. For a recent study of Abu Shama, cf. K. Hirschler, Medieval Arabic historiography: authors as actors, London, 2006.
328
Ibn al-Athir, Al-Tārīkh al-bāhir fī al-Dawlah al-Atābakīyah bi-al-Mawṣil. ed. A.A. Tulaymat, Cairo, 1963, 1–2.
329
Ibn Khallikan, Wafayât al-a‘yân wa-anbâ‘ abnâ‘ az-zamân, 2 vols, Cairo, 1299/1881–1882; tr. Baron MacGuckin de Slane as Kitab Wafayat al-a yan: Ibn Khallikan’s Biographical Dictionary, Paris, 1843–1871.
330
В одном источнике крестоносцев знаменитый инцидент, когда Саладин отказывается позволить своему заклятому врагу Рейнальду из Шатийона, ныне его пленнику, пить воду, приобретает дополнительное драматическое значение, когда Саладин спрашивает Рейнальда, что бы он сделал, если бы он (Саладин) был его пленником. Подобно Роману с Алп-Арсланом, «который сделал бы безобразные вещи», Рейнальд отвечает, говоря, что он бы обезглавил Саладина. Образ диалога повторно используется здесь с хорошим эффектом; ср. ‘The Lyons Eracles text’, in Edbury, Conquest, 48.
331
Эта династия, сельджуки Рума, все еще ждет подробной
